Chidule cha Ukadaulo wa SAW Flux-cored Wire Hardfacing
Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito ndi Makhalidwe a Njira
2.1 Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito
Pamene SAW ikugwira ntchito ndi waya wozungulira, arc imayaka pakati pa mapeto a waya ndi pamwamba pa substrate. Kuthamanga kwa granular komwe kumaphimba dera la arc kumachotsa mpweya kuchokera ku dziwe losungunuka ndikuteteza chitsulo chosungunuka ku okosijeni ndi nitriding. Chigoba chachitsulo cha waya wozungulira chimasungunuka pansi pa kutentha kwa arc, pomwe ufa wa alloy mkati mwa core umasungunuka mu dziwe losungunuka, kusintha kapangidwe ka mankhwala a pamwamba. Pambuyo pozizira, slag yopangidwa ndi flux imalimba pamwamba pa weld, yomwe imatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta, ndikusiya gawo losalala, lolimba kwambiri.
2.2 Makhalidwe Ofunika a Njira
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: SAW ingagwiritse ntchito mphamvu yayikulu (nthawi zambiri 300~800A) powotcherera mosalekeza, kuchuluka kwa malo oyikamo kumatha kufika 8~12 kg/h, komwe ndi kokwera nthawi 2~3 kuposa kowotcherera kwa arc pamanja, koyenera kupanga mbale zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Kapangidwe ka aloyi kolamulidwa: Waya wopangidwa ndi flux-core ukhoza kuwonjezera zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira carbide monga chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten ndi niobium mu ufa wapakati, zomwe zimatha kuwongolera molondola kuuma ndi kukana kwa kuvala kwa wosanjikiza pamwamba posintha zomwe zili muzinthuzi, poyerekeza ndi waya wolimba, uli ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu pakupanga alloy.
Ubwino Wopanga: Pansi pa chitetezo cha madzi oundana, gawo la pamwamba pake ndi lofanana komanso losalala, lopanda kufalikira koonekeratu, ndipo ntchito yokonza pambuyo pa kuwotcherera ndi yochepa. Kuzama kwa kulowa kumatha kusinthidwa mwa kusintha magawo a kuwotcherera, zomwe zimatha kuwongolera bwino kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa gawo lapansi kupita ku gawo la pamwamba, kuonetsetsa kuti kuuma ndi kukana kuwonongeka kwa gawo la pamwamba.
Ntchito Yokhazikika Yokha: Njira yonseyi imatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito makina komanso makina okha, zomwe zimachepetsa zofunikira pa luso la ogwira ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mbale iliyonse yovala ikuyenda bwino.
Kugawa ndi Kuchita kwa Common Alloy System
Mawaya okhala ndi SAW flux-core a hardfacing a mbale zovekera amagawidwa makamaka malinga ndi kapangidwe ka alloy, ndipo machitidwe osiyanasiyana a alloy amafanana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kukana kuvala. Magulu odziwika bwino ndi awa:
| Dongosolo la aloyi | Zinthu Zazikulu za Aloyi | Kuuma kwa Magawo (HRC) | Makhalidwe Abwino Kwambiri | Mapulogalamu Odziwika |
| Mtundu Wachitsulo Chopangidwa ndi Chromium Wapamwamba | Cr 15~30%, C 2~5%, pang'ono Mo, Ni, Nb | 55~65 | Kukana bwino kwambiri kuvala, kukana kukhudzidwa, mtengo wotsika, makina okhwima a alloy | Mapepala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pokumba migodi, ma crusher liners, ma simenti mill liners, ma scraper conveyor plates |
| Mtundu wa Chromium Carbide Composite | Cr 25~40%, C 3~6%, yawonjezera V, W, Ti | 60~68 | Gawo lalikulu la carbide yolimba, kukana kuvala movutikira kwambiri, kulimba pang'ono | Zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga zipangizo zopangira mchenga, mano ophwanyira miyala, mbale za mano ofukula zidebe |
| Mtundu wa Martensite wa Aloyi Wotsika wa Carbon | Cr 4~10%, Mo 1~3%, Mn 1~2%, C 0.2~0.6% | 35~50 | Kulimba kwabwino kwa kugunda, kukana bwino ming'alu ya weld, kumatha kupirira kugunda kwakukulu, kukana kuvala pang'ono | Tsamba la bulldozer, mbale yopangira chidebe chofukula, malo akuluakulu ofukula omwe amafunika kukana mwamphamvu kwambiri |
| Mtundu wa Niobium Vanadium Carbide | Nb 10~20%, V 5~15%, Cr 10~15% | 62~68 | Carbide yolimba yokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, yolimba kwambiri komanso yogwira ntchito bwino kutentha kwambiri | Zinthu monga kutentha kwambiri monga mbale zoyendera, zoyikamo zida zoyeretsera |
| Mtundu Wolimbikitsidwa wa Ceramic Wophatikizana | Anawonjezera tinthu ta ceramic monga WC, TiC mu ufa wapakati | 65~72 | Kukana kwambiri kuvala, mtengo wake ndi wokwera | Zochitika zoopsa kwambiri monga migodi yometa malasha, zogwirira makina opera magalimoto pamsewu |
Zizindikiro Zofunikira za Kugwira Ntchito kwa Mbale Yovala
Kugwira ntchito kwa mbale yovala yolimba kumayesedwa makamaka ndi zizindikiro zazikulu izi:
4.1 Kulimba kwa Magawo Okhala Pamwamba
Kuuma ndiye chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri poyesa kukana kuvala. Kawirikawiri, kuuma kukakhala kwakukulu, kukana kuvala kumakhala bwino. Kuuma kwa mbale zolimba zomwe zikugulitsidwa pamsika nthawi zambiri kumakhala mu 50 ~ 65 HRC, ndipo zinthu zapadera zimatha kufika pa 70 HRC. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuyesa kuuma kuyenera kuchitika pambuyo poti pamwamba pake pakhazikika, nthawi zambiri mutachotsa pamwamba pa 1 ~ 2mm slag ndi dilution wosanjikiza kuti muwonetsetse kuti zotsatira zake ndi zoona.
4.2 Kuchuluka kwa Kuchuluka kwa Kuchuluka
Kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosungunuka zomwe zasakanizidwa ndi gawo la pamwamba. Kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwambiri kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu za alloy mu gawo la pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuuma kwake kuchepe komanso kukana kuwonongeka. Pa SAW hardfacing yokhala ndi waya wozungulira, kuwongolera koyenera kwa njira kumatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka mkati mwa 10 ~ 20%, ndipo pamwamba pa multilayer kungachepetse kwambiri mphamvu ya kusungunuka.
4.3 Kukana Ming'alu
Magawo ambiri olimba omwe amavala kwambiri ndi zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya wambiri komanso zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya wambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ming'alu yolumikizirana panthawi yozizira. Kapangidwe koyenera ka waya wokhala ndi flux-core ndi kutentha koyambirira musanagwiritse ntchito (nthawi zambiri kutentha koyambirira kufika pa 150 ~ 300℃ malinga ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana a aloyi) kungachepetse bwino chizolowezi cha ming'alu. Pa ntchito zomwe sizifuna ming'alu pamwamba pa mbale yovala, makina a aloyi otsika mpweya kapena njira zapadera zopewera ming'alu zitha kusankhidwa.
4.4chitsulo cha kaboni, ndipo mbale yolimba yophimba zinthu zophatikizika imatha kufika pa ma tim opitilira 20Kuvala kukana
Chizindikiro cholunjika kwambiri chowunikira momwe mbale yonyamulira ikuyendera ndi kukana kwa kuvala, ndiko kuti, chiŵerengero cha kutayika kwa misa ya mbale yonyamulira yoyesedwa ndi chitsanzo chokhazikika pansi pa mikhalidwe yofanana yoyesera kuvala. Kukana kwa kuvala kwa mbale yolimba yachitsulo yokhala ndi chromium yambiri nthawi zambiri kumakhala kowirikiza ka 5 mpaka 10 kuposa kwa low es wamba.
Buku Lotsogolera Kusankha kwa Zochitika Zosiyanasiyana Zogwiritsira Ntchito
Mukasankha waya wa SAW flux-core wa hardfacing ya mbale yosweka, iyenera kufananizidwa malinga ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu a gawo losweka:
Kuwonongeka koopsa komanso kosagwira ntchito bwino: Monga chute ya simenti, mbale yowunikira miyala, ndi chonyamulira mchenga. Ndikofunikira kusankha waya wokhala ndi chromium yambiri yokhala ndi flux-core yokhala ndi 58~62 HRC, yomwe imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito okwera mtengo ndipo imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa moyo wautumiki.
Kukhudza kwamphamvu komanso kuvala kowawa: Monga tsamba la bulldozer, chidebe cha makina aukadaulo, mutu wa nyundo ya mgodi. Ndikofunikira kuti gawo losawonongeka likhale lolimba pamene likulimbana ndi kuwonongeka, ndipo tikukulimbikitsani kusankha waya wopangidwa ndi martensitic alloy flux-core wokhala ndi 40~50 HRC kuti mupewe kusweka ndi kusweka kwa gawo loyang'ana pamwamba pamene likukhudzidwa.
Zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso: Monga zida zogwirira ntchito za makina opangira malasha, mbale zomangira misewu, zomangira zitsulo zophwanyira zitsulo. Ndikofunikira kusankha waya wa chromium carbide kapena waya wolimbikitsidwa ndi ceramic wokhala ndi 62~68 HRC, womwe ungawonjezere kwambiri moyo wa ntchito ya zida, ngakhale kuti mtengo wake ndi wokwera.
Kutentha kwambiri: Monga ma pallet a makina oyeretsera, mbale zotumizira uvuni wa coke, mbale zokonzera zitsulo. Ndikofunikira kusankha waya wopangidwa ndi niobium-vanadium alloyed flux-cored, womwe umasunga kuuma kwakukulu komanso kukana okosijeni kutentha kogwira ntchito mpaka 600℃.
Mfundo Zofunika Kuziganizira Pakuwotcherera
Kuti mupeze mbale zogwirira ntchito zolimba zapamwamba, ndikofunikira kuwongolera mfundo zazikulu za njira yowotcherera:
Kukonzekera musanawotchetse: Pamwamba pa substrate payenera kutsukidwa mafuta, dzimbiri ndi oxide scale kuti pasakhale ma porosity ndi zolakwika zolowa. Pa substrate zokhuthala ndi mawaya okhala ndi alloy yambiri, kutentha pasadakhale mpaka 150~300℃ kungachepetse kupsinjika kwa welding ndikupewa kusweka.
Kusankha Ma Parameter: Pa waya wamba wa 1.2mm ~ 2.4mm m'mimba mwake, mphamvu yolumikizira nthawi zambiri imakhala 250 ~ 600A, mphamvu yolumikizira ndi 28 ~ 38V, ndipo liwiro lolumikizira ndi 300 ~ 600mm / mphindi. M'mimba mwake wa waya ukakhala waukulu, mphamvu yolumikizira imakhala yayikulu. Kuchepetsa mphamvu yolumikizira moyenera ndikuwonjezera liwiro lolumikizira kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi osungunuka.
Kapangidwe ka Zigawo Zokwera: Kukhuthala kwa gawo losawonongeka nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa ngati 3 ~ 12mm. Pa malo okhala ndi zigawo zambiri, kutentha kwa malo olumikizirana kuyenera kuyendetsedwa osapitirira 300℃ kuti tipewe kukula kwakukulu kwa tirigu komwe kungakhudze magwiridwe antchito. Pa mbale zosweka zomwe zimafunika kupindika ndi kukonzedwa pambuyo pake, pamwamba pake payenera kuchitidwa pa gawo lapansi pambuyo popindika kale kuti tipewe ming'alu yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha kupindika pambuyo pake.
Chithandizo Pambuyo pa kuwotcherera: Pambuyo polumikiza, iyenera kuziziritsidwa pang'onopang'ono, makamaka mawaya okhala ndi aloyi ambiri, kuti ipewe kusweka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuzizira mwachangu. Pazigawo zomwe zimafuna kuchepetsa kupsinjika, kulowetsa mpumulo wa kupsinjika kumatha kuchitika pa 200 ~ 300℃ pambuyo polumikiza kuti muchotse kupsinjika kotsalira kwa kulumikiza.
Chitukuko cha Makampani
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, waya wa SAW flux-core wa hardfacing wa mbale zovekera uli ndi malangizo otsatirawa okukula:
Choyamba,kapangidwe ka aloyi kogwira ntchito kwambiri, ntchito zambiri zimafuna kupirira kutopa kwambiri komanso nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito, kotero kupanga mawaya olimbikitsidwa ndi zinthu monga WC ndi TiC kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo chiwerengero cha mawaya okhala ndi aloyi ambiri pamsika chikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka.
Chachiwiri,yopanda ming'alu komanso yolimba kwambiri, ntchito zambiri zaukadaulo zimafuna kuti pamwamba pa mbale yosweka pasalole ming'alu, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kupanga mapangidwe osapsa ndi ming'alu yochepa ya kaboni, yomwe imalinganiza kuuma ndi kulimba mwa kukonza kuchuluka kwa alloy ndi kuwongolera kapangidwe ka microstructure.
Chachitatu,kupanga kosawononga chilengedwe, mbadwo watsopano wa waya wozungulira umachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zovulaza monga cobalt ndi zinthu zowononga, ndipo madzi ozungulira omwe amafanana nawo amakulanso kupita ku njira zochepetsera kuipitsa mpweya komanso zobwezerezedwanso, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga zinthu zobiriwira.
Chachinayi,chitukuko chosinthidwa, pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuvala m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, opanga ayambitsa zinthu zodzipereka kwambiri, zomwe zingathandize kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito molondola, kupewa kuwononga magwiridwe antchito kapena moyo wosakwanira chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu wamba.
Chiyambi cha Kampani
Tangshan Runxing Machinery Co., Ltd., kampani yopanga zinthu zachitsulo zolimba zomwe sizingawonongeke ndi kuvulala, yomwe ili ku Tangshan, Hebei Province, imayang'ana kwambiri kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kupanga ndi ntchito yomanga zinthu zachitsulo zolimba zomwe sizingawonongeke ndi kuvulala, idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010.
Zogulitsa zathu zazikulu zikuphatikizapo mbale zovekera za chromium carbide overlay (CCO), zovekera zokonzedwa mwamakonda, mapaipi ndi zolumikizira mapaipi zosatha, mawaya owotcherera opangidwa ndi flux-core, makina owotcherera okhazikika okha, ndi ntchito yokonza ma roller surfacing. Timatsatira lingaliro la bizinesi la "Umphumphu, Ubwino Wapamwamba, Zatsopano & Chitukuko Chokhazikika" ndipo tili ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba wa chitsulo pamwamba.
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Mabizinesi onse otumiza katundu kunja ali ovomerezeka mokwanira ndipo amayendetsedwa ndi Hebei Yuwan International Trade Co., Ltd. Kampani yogulitsayi imamaliza ntchito zonse zotumiza katundu kunja kuphatikizapo kuchotsera katundu wakunja, kutumiza katundu, zikalata ndi kusonkhanitsa ndalama. Fakitale yathu imayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga ndi kupanga zinthu kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthu zili bwino komanso kuti katunduyo afika nthawi yake.
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